$collection = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')
              ->getCollection()
              ->addAttributeToSelect('*')
              ->addAttributeToSort('name', 'DESC')
              ->setOrder('name', 'ASC');

Individual Product Helper
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$_helper = $this->helper('catalog/output');
$_product = $this->getProduct();

Load Product from Collection
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Load by name
$_product = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->loadByAttribute('name', 'product_name');

// Load by SKU
$_product = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->loadByAttribute('sku', '234SKU93');

//Load by ID (just load):
$_product = Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->load($productID);

echo $_product->getShortDescription(); //product's short description
echo $_product->getDescription(); // product's long description
echo $_product->getName(); //product name
echo $_product->getSku(); //product Sku
echo $_product->getPrice(); //product's regular Price
echo $_product->getSpecialPrice(); //product's special Price
echo $_product->getProductUrl(); //product url
echo $_product->getImageUrl(); //product's image url
echo $_product->getSmallImageUrl(); //product's small image url
echo $_product->getThumbnailUrl(); //product's thumbnail image url
echo $_product->getAvailability(); //product's thumbnail image url     
?>

For drop-down Product Attributes use the following code 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 echo $_product->getAttributeText('attribute_name') ?>


For all other Product Attribute types
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 echo $_product->getAttributeName() ?>

-or-

 echo $_product['attribute_name'];?>


Display Product Attributes Globally
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 if($product->getResource()->getAttribute('ATTRIBUTE_CODE_HERE')->getFrontend()->getValue($product)) : ?> 

  echo 'Attribute Title: '.$product->getResource()->getAttribute('ATTRIBUTE_CODE_HERE')->getFrontend()->getValue($product); ?>  

 endif; ?>

 
$stock_count = (int) Mage::getModel(’cataloginventory/stock_item’)->loadByProduct($this->getProduct())->getQty(); 
echo $stock_count;
?>

/* Check if the customer is logged in or not */
if (Mage::getSingleton('customer/session')->isLoggedIn()) {
 
    /* Get the customer data */
    $customer = Mage::getSingleton('customer/session')->getCustomer();
    /* Get the customer's full name */
    $fullname = $customer->getName();
    /* Get the customer's first name */
    $firstname = $customer->getFirstname();
    /* Get the customer's last name */
    $lastname = $customer->getLastname();
    /* Get the customer's email address */
    $email = $customer->getEmail();
 
}

/* Get all the items in the cart */
$cartItems = Mage::getSingleton('checkout/session')->getQuote()->getAllItems();
/* Iterate through the items */
foreach ($cartItems as $item) {
 /* Load the product and get the custom attribute */
 Zend_Debug::dump(Mage::getModel('catalog/product')->load($item->getProduct()->getId())->getMyCustomAttribute());
}

Retrive Shipping Method from Quote
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$rate = Mage::getSingleton('checkout/session')->getQuote()->getShippingAddress()->getShippingRatesCollection();

$rate->getCarrier(); // This will provide you with the carrier code
$rate->getCarrierTitle(); // This will give you the carrier title
$rate->getCode(); // This will give you **current shipping method** code
$rate->getMethod(); // This will provide you with the **shipping method** code
$rate->getMethodTitle(); // This will tell you current shipping method title
$rate->getMethodDescription(); // And this is the description of the current shipping method and **it could be NULL**

To Retrieve URL path in STATIC BLOCK
---------------------------------------
To get SKIN URL
{{skin url='images/sampleimage.jpg'}}
 
To get Media URL
{{media url='/sampleimage.jpg'}}
 
To get Store URL
{{store url='mypage.html'}}
 
To get Base URL
{{base url='yourstore/mypage.html'}}
 
 
TO Retrieve URL path in PHTML
---------------------------------------
 
Not secure Skin URL:
 echo $this->getSkinUrl('images/sampleimage.jpg') ?>
 
Secure Skin URL
 echo $this->getSkinUrl('images/ sampleimage.gif', array('_secure'=>true)) ?>
 
Get  Current URL
$current_url = Mage::helper('core/url')->getCurrentUrl();
 
Get Home URL
$home_url = Mage::helper('core/url')->getHomeUrl();
 
Get Magento Media Url
Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_LINK);
 
Get Magento Media Url
Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_MEDIA);
 
Get Magento Skin Url
Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_SKIN);
 
Get Magento Store Url
Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_WEB);
 
Get Magento Js Url
Mage::getBaseUrl(Mage_Core_Model_Store::URL_TYPE_JS);



Mage::getBaseUrl() => Gets base url path e.g. http://my.website.com/

Mage::getBaseUrl('media') => Gets MEDIA folder path e.g. http://my.website.com/media/

Mage::getBaseUrl('js') => Gets JS folder path e.g. http://my.website.com/js/

Mage::getBaseUrl('skin') => Gets SKIN folder path e.g. http://my.website.com/skin/

Get DIRECTORY paths (physical location of your folders on the server) – Relative URL Path

Mage::getBaseDir() => Gives you your Magento installation folder / root folder e.g. /home/kalpesh/workspace/magento

Mage::getBaseDir('app') => Gives you your Magento's APP directory file location e.g. /home/kalpesh/workspace/magento/app

Mage::getBaseDir('design') => Gives you your Magento's DESIGN directory file location e.g. /home/kalpesh/workspace/magento/design

Mage::getBaseDir('media') => Gives MEDIA directory file path

Mage::getBaseDir('code') => Gives CODE directory file path

Mage::getBaseDir('lib') => Gives LIB directory file path

Mage::helper('core/url')->getCurrentUrl()

base Mage::getBaseDir()

Mage::getBaseDir('base') /var/www/magento/

app Mage::getBaseDir('app') /var/www/magento/app/

code Mage::getBaseDir('code') /var/www/magento/app/code

design Mage::getBaseDir('design') /var/www/magento/app/design/

etc Mage::getBaseDir('etc') /var/www/magento/app/etc

lib Mage::getBaseDir('lib') /var/www/magento/lib

locale Mage::getBaseDir('locale') /var/www/magento/app/locale

media Mage::getBaseDir('media') /var/www/magento/media/

skin Mage::getBaseDir('skin') /var/www/magento/skin/

var Mage::getBaseDir('var') /var/www/magento/var/

tmp Mage::getBaseDir('tmp') /var/www/magento/var/tmp

cache Mage::getBaseDir('cache') /var/www/magento/var/cache

log Mage::getBaseDir('log') /var/www/magento/var/log

session Mage::getBaseDir('session') /var/www/magento/var/session

upload Mage::getBaseDir('upload') /var/www/magento/media/upload

export Mage::getBaseDir('export') /var/www/magento/var/export